Fireplaces and chimneys are responsible for more than 25,000 house fires each year, killing at least 10 people each year, according to the CPSC [source: CPSC].
Some of the dangers of fireplace operation include:
Sparks suddenly enter the room and ignite carpets or furniture
Combustible materials are placed too close to the fire chimney fire
Carbon monoxide seeps into the house
Harmful particles in smoke
Careful operation and routine maintenance can minimize these hazards and allow you to use your fireplace in safer conditions.
For example, annual inspections are mandatory. As a homeowner, you can do the basic inspection yourself. Is the chimney in good condition? Are there any obvious leaks or stains? Does the flue have a lid? Does the damper completely seal the flue?
A professional chimney sweep will complete an internal inspection of the fireplace and flue and look for any internal or structural issues. He will also remove creosote before it becomes dangerous. Creosote is a residue from fires that sometimes condenses inside the flue. When it builds up, it can catch fire, causing damage to the chimney and potentially spreading the fire into the house.
But keep in mind that open fireplaces often cause some smoke to enter the room. Particles in this smoke may exacerbate problems in those who already suffer from chronic bronchitis or respiratory conditions such as asthma. Long-term inhalation of particulate matter can cause lung disease. The elderly and children are especially vulnerable.
To reduce the risks when using a fireplace, you should:
Keep all combustibles a safe distance from the fireplace.
Use a fire screen to prevent sparks.
Install spark arrestors on top of flues to prevent roof fires.
Carry a fire extinguisher with you.
Install smoke detectors on every floor of your home.
